The world’s coastal cities are under growing threat as rising sea levels and land subsidence reshape the map. According to data compiled by the World Economic Forum and the BBC, twelve major cities face a looming crisis—many could be partially submerged by 2100 without urgent adaptation and mitigation measures.
Southeast Asia: At the Forefront of Risk
Southeast Asia stands out as one of the most vulnerable regions.
Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital, is sinking at one of the fastest rates globally due to excessive groundwater extraction, combined with sea-level rise and poor drainage infrastructure. The government has already initiated plans to relocate its capital to Nusantara in response.
Bangkok, Thailand, is also under threat. The city’s soft clay foundation, over-extraction of groundwater, and rapid urban development make it especially susceptible to flooding and long-term subsidence.
Dhaka, although in South Asia, shares similar risks. The city faces severe flooding from both river overflow and rising seas, putting millions at risk in low-lying areas.
Global Cities Facing Similar Threats
Other major cities across the globe are facing different but equally serious challenges:
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Venice, Italy, is sinking and grappling with more frequent flooding events intensified by climate change.
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Alexandria, Egypt, is at risk of losing its coastal legacy to encroaching seawater.
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Miami, United States, experiences regular storm surges and tidal flooding.
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Lagos, Nigeria, faces rapid coastal erosion and flooding, with limited infrastructure resilience.
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Houston, United States, is dealing with both land subsidence and increased flooding from extreme weather.
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Virginia Beach, United States, is threatened by groundwater withdrawal and shoreline erosion.
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New Orleans, built below sea level, remains vulnerable despite its levee systems.
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Rotterdam, Netherlands, is renowned for its sophisticated flood defenses, but even it must continuously adapt to rising seas.
A Shared Future
The varied challenges across these cities underscore a shared global urgency: climate resilience. From Southeast Asia to Europe and the Americas, rising seas are not a distant threat—they’re an accelerating reality. Without coordinated efforts to invest in adaptation, infrastructure, and sustainable urban planning, the costs—both human and economic—will be immense.
