The celebrations of Hari Merdeka and Hari Malaysia, although separated by a few days, often confuse those unfamiliar with Malaysia's history. To understand the duality of these celebrations, one must look back at the long journey that shaped Malaysia - from the independence of Malaya in 1957 to the formation of the federal state in 1963.

The Origins of Hari Merdeka

On August 31, 1957, after negotiating independence with the British Colonial Office in London, Malayan leaders declared the independence of the Federation of Malaya at Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur. The Proclamation of Independence was read by Tunku Abdul Rahman, followed by shouts of "Merdeka," marking the first celebration of Hari Merdeka (Merdeka Day or Independence Day), commemorating Malaya's independence from British rule.

However, Hari Malaysia (Malaysia Day) also plays a crucial role in Malaysia's history. On September 16, 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman once again proclaimed "Merdeka," this time celebrating the union of the Federation of Malaya with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah to form Malaysia. Singapore later separated on August 9, 1965, and that date became Singapore's National Day.

The Formation of Malaysia and Hari Malaysia

The unification of East Malaysia on September 16, 1963 was a major event that became a milestone in the celebration of Hari Malaysia. The name "Malaysia" was officially introduced on this date. Although the initial plan was for Hari Malaysia and Hari Merdeka to fall on the same day, this did not come to pass.

The ratification of the Malaysia Agreement on July 9, 1963, marked the formal establishment of Malaysia. The agreement was signed in London by all relevant leaders, including representatives from the United Kingdom. Initially, the date of unification was agreed to be August 31, coinciding with Malaya's Independence Day. 

However, formal objections from Indonesia to the United Nations delayed the process. The UN needed time to gather opinions from the Borneo territories, and on September 14, 1963, a report similar to the Cobbold Commission's findings showed support for the union.

Recognition and Significance

Hari Malaysia was officially declared a national holiday in 2010, aimed at strengthening national unity and reminding the public of the struggles of their forefathers in securing the independence and unity that are enjoyed today. This celebration not only honors the history of Malaysia’s formation but also serves as a moment to appreciate the hard work and sacrifices made to achieve independence and national unity.