A geopark is a region that features extraordinary geological heritage and is internationally recognized for its scientific, educational, and aesthetic values. However, a geopark is more than just beautiful landscapes.
Under the UNESCO Global Geoparks framework, these areas function as living laboratories that link nature conservation with community empowerment and sustainable economic development.
In April 2024, UNESCO designated 16 new geoparks worldwide—from Brazil and Indonesia to Iran and China. This designation brought the total number of Global Geoparks to 213 in 48 countries, a significant step in harnessing geological heritage for sustainable development.
Southeast Asia: A Strategic Region in the Global Geopark Network
Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam, has shown significant commitment to the development of geoparks. These countries not only hold rich geological heritage but also extraordinary biodiversity and cultural diversity.
Indonesia has 10 Global Geoparks, including Gunung Sewu, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, and Raja Ampat. These geoparks not only attract tourists but also serve as educational and conservation tools that actively involve local communities.
Vietnam, through the Non Nuoc Cao Bang and Dak Nong Geoparks, has successfully demonstrated how geoparks can be tools for developing underdeveloped areas—transforming villages into ecotourism destinations and geological education centers.
Geoparks: A Synergy Between Conservation, Education, and Economy
The UNESCO geopark concept focuses on three key pillars: nature conservation, public education, and local economic development. This makes geoparks a tangible example of a balanced approach to sustainable development.
Unlike national parks, which focus more on nature protection, geoparks place local communities as central actors. Communities are encouraged to become tour guides, manage homestays, and create local products based on geological wisdom. This creates real economic impact without damaging ecosystems.
Potential and Challenges in Southeast Asia
With its complex geological conditions and tectonic activity, Southeast Asia holds immense potential for the development of new geoparks. The limestone mountains in Laos, volcanic caves in the Philippines, and highlands in Myanmar all feature geological characteristics worthy of development into geoparks.
However, there are several challenges to overcome, such as limited funding, lack of geotourism experts, and the need for policy integration between tourism, education, and environmental sectors. Here, the role of government and cross-country ASEAN collaboration is crucial in forming a strong regional geopark network.
Geotourism and Branding of Greener Destinations
Geoparks also have great potential to strengthen the branding of areas as responsible and sustainable tourism destinations. Amid growing awareness among travelers about climate issues and environmental impact, regions with geoparks tend to be preferred for offering educational and environmentally-friendly experiences.
Malaysia, for example, has successfully turned Langkawi into a UNESCO Global Geopark and serves as a model for green tourism that emphasizes geological education and mangrove ecosystem conservation. Langkawi has become a learning model for other countries in Southeast Asia.
Looking Ahead: Geoparks as a Strategic Pillar for the Region
The designation of 16 new geoparks by UNESCO is not merely a celebration but a reminder that geological heritage can serve as the foundation for future development. For Southeast Asia, geoparks can be a tool for cultural diplomacy, public education, and a local economic engine.
With proper policy support, international partnerships, and community involvement, the region can maximize its geological potential. Geoparks are not just natural tourist attractions but symbols of how sustainable development can be achieved through harmony between people and the Earth.
