Amid the whirlwind of modernization, Viet Nam steadfastly upholds its millennia-old cultural heritage. As one of Southeast Asia’s nations with a profound history, the "Land of the Blue Dragon" treasures traditions deeply woven into the fabric of daily life.
Animistic beliefs and Confucian influences form the bedrock of many Viet Namese cultural practices. From religious rituals to family celebrations, each tradition reflects a philosophy rooted in spirituality, reverence for ancestors, and harmony with nature.
Despite the relentless march of time, locals continue to observe these age-old customs with solemn devotion. So, which traditions endure as part of Viet Nam’s cultural identity? Here’s the list.
1. Ancestor Worship
Ancestor worship (Thờ cúng Tổ tiên) is Viet Nam’s most sacred tradition. As reported by Vietnam Plus, this ritual transcends mere homage to deceased family members—it is a way for Viet Namese people to remember their roots. In local belief, ancestors are thought to "live" in another realm and influence their descendants’ fates.
Every Viet Namese home typically features an ancestral altar adorned with photographs, incense, and offerings like fruits, food, and wine. Before prayers, families light candles and burn incense to symbolize communication with spirits. This tradition mirrors patriarchal values and Confucian principles, where familial loyalty remains paramount.
2. Burning of Votive Papers
During festivals or death anniversaries, Viet Namese often burn votive papers (vàng mã) shaped like money, gold, or luxury items. This ritual is believed to send "gifts" to the afterlife. After burning, the ashes are sprinkled with wine to help spirits carry them to heaven.
However, this practice has sparked controversy. Saigoneer notes critics labeling it as a contributor to air pollution and resource waste. The Viet Namese government has begun restricting public burning. Still, many citizens continue privately, viewing it as an irreplaceable act of filial piety.
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3. Worship of the God of Wealth
Thần Tài (God of Wealth) holds a vital place in Vietnamese folk belief. Shrines dedicated to this deity are strategically placed in shops, restaurants, or home entrances to attract positive energy and business prosperity. The god is often associated with Zhao Gongming, a figure from Chinese mythology symbolizing abundance.
According to Worshiping the God of Wealth (Ship60), on the 10th day of the first lunar month, people hold special ceremonies with offerings of meat, fruits, and cakes. They pray for smooth business operations and protection from bankruptcy. This tradition highlights Viet Nam-China cultural fusion and the entrepreneurial spirit of locals.
4. Visiting Pagodas at the Lunar New Year
Visiting pagodas during the Lunar New Year is an unmissable tradition. Vietnamese flock to temples to pray for health, peace, and prosperity. As Voice of Viet Nam explains, this pilgrimage is not just about prayers—it’s also for self-reflection and seeking inner peace after a year of hard work.
Offerings like sticky rice, boiled chicken, or fresh flowers are placed on altars. After prayers, visitors take home branches or flowers from pagodas as symbols of hope for a fertile and prosperous life. This custom underscores Viet Nam’s balance between material pursuits and spiritual fulfillment.
5. Lunar New Year Family Reunion
Family reunions are central to Viet Nam’s Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year). The most anticipated event in Vietnam, Tết spans three days: families gather, exchange forgiveness, and share red envelopes (lì xì) containing lucky money. The first day is reserved for relatives, while the second is for visiting friends and neighbors.
Uniquely, the third day honors teachers. Students visit their teachers with fruits and flowers as tokens of gratitude. Viet Nam Travel highlights this tradition as a reflection of the nation’s deep respect for education and educators’ contributions.
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Viet Nam stands as proof that modernity need not erase tradition. Each ritual mirrors a national identity fiercely guarding ancestral legacies. Behind the waves of modernization, the Viet Namese spirit remains rooted in the wisdom of the past. This harmony between yesterday, today, and tomorrow is what makes Viet Namese culture eternally captivating.
