Jakarta, Bangkok, and Ho Chi Minh City, three of Southeast Asia's largest urban centers, are increasingly facing the very real threat of sinking. With the rise in sea levels and significant land subsidence driven by excessive groundwater extraction, these cities are slowly being engulfed by the waters. While these cities have thrived for decades and have become economic hubs, their very existence is now at risk.
This article aims to move beyond large-scale infrastructure solutions, focusing instead on the practical steps that everyday citizens can take to minimize the impacts of flooding and subsidence. Instead of waiting for massive engineering projects, the survival of these cities begins with small, collective actions that each individual can take.
What Can Be Done: Practical Steps for Urban Survival
Increasing Rainwater Absorption and Reducing Concrete
One of the simplest and most effective actions that residents can take is to increase rainwater absorption. This can be achieved by installing rainwater absorption wells or creating biopori (vertical water absorption holes) around homes and neighborhoods.
Using permeable materials, such as gravel or grass, instead of concrete or asphalt, can also allow rainwater to seep into the ground rather than flow directly into stormwater systems. By doing this, households act as small-scale defenders against the overwhelming pressures placed on city drainage systems.
By reducing the amount of runoff water entering the city’s drainage systems, residents can play a crucial role in easing the burden on the city’s infrastructure, helping prevent local flooding.
Keeping Drains and Waterways Clear
Another key action is to keep drains and waterways clear of any waste. Often, clogged drains are a primary cause of flooding in urban areas. By disposing of waste responsibly and making sure that trash doesn’t end up in rivers, canals, or drains, we can ensure that rainwater has a clear path to flow into the sea. Every small action counts, whether it’s not throwing waste into the street or organizing local clean-up initiatives. This simple but effective step will allow rainwater to flow freely, reducing the duration and impact of local floods.
Use Groundwater Responsibly
A major contributor to the sinking of cities is over-exploitation of groundwater. While some residents may have little choice but to rely on groundwater, it is essential to use this resource responsibly. Using municipal water supplies instead of tapping into underground reserves can help slow down land subsidence. For those who must use groundwater, being efficient with its use is key to reducing the negative impacts on the land beneath the city.
What Should Be Avoided: Harmful Practices That Make the Situation Worse
Ignoring Flood Warnings and Weather Alerts
In times of emergency, delay can be deadly. Ignoring flood warnings or not paying attention to weather forecasts can be dangerous, especially when floods hit suddenly. Residents should always heed the warnings provided by authorities, such as the BMKG (Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency) and take proactive measures to prepare for emergencies. Planning an alternative route, knowing evacuation plans, and ensuring that essential items are ready can make a significant difference in ensuring safety during a flood.
Building on Natural Water Absorption Areas
Building on or filling in natural water reservoirs such as wetlands, rice paddies, or floodplains can exacerbate the situation. These areas act as natural sponges, absorbing excess water during heavy rains and reducing flood risks. Developers and property owners should avoid encroaching on these vital areas as they help regulate water flow and prevent the city from becoming overwhelmed by floods. Preserving these areas is essential for maintaining the city’s ecological balance and flood resilience.
Relying Solely on Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects
While large infrastructure projects like sea walls or giant flood barriers may provide temporary relief, they are not a permanent solution. It’s important to recognize that engineering solutions alone cannot address the root causes of the sinking cities. The issue lies in unsustainable land use practices, such as excessive groundwater extraction, waste disposal, and urban sprawl. Relying solely on technological fixes will not solve the problem if there is no change in the behavior of the citizens and the government.
Small Actions, Big Impact
The threat of these Southeast Asian cities sinking is a major concern, but there is hope. By taking small, collective actions, citizens can play a vital role in mitigating the damage caused by flooding and land subsidence. Protecting the environment and changing daily habits are not just government responsibilities, they are shared duties that must start in every neighborhood.
The future of Jakarta, Bangkok, and Ho Chi Minh depends on how effectively their residents and governments can work together to address these challenges. By prioritizing sustainable practices and responsible land use, the citizens of these cities can contribute to their survival and ensure that these vibrant cities continue to thrive for generations to come.
