Indonesia’s vast geography and cultural diversity make equitable access to education a national challenge. Across thousands of islands, public libraries and community learning centers (known locally as Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat, or PKBM) have become essential resources for lifelong learning, digital inclusion, and community development. These spaces not only promote reading but also empower citizens with skills that support social and economic mobility.
Public Libraries as Community Anchors
Indonesia’s public library system has undergone significant modernization over the past decade. The National Library of Indonesia, along with provincial and district libraries, has expanded its mission to transform libraries into vibrant community hubs. Many libraries now offer digital access, multimedia learning rooms, creative workshops, and children’s literacy programs.
Urban libraries — such as those in Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, and Makassar — attract students, freelancers, and families who rely on them for study spaces, internet access, and community events. Meanwhile, rural libraries and village reading houses (taman bacaan masyarakat) work tirelessly to promote reading in areas where educational resources remain limited.
Mobile libraries, including boats, motorcycles, and modified vans, play a crucial role in reaching remote communities in regions such as Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, and the Riau Islands. These innovative services ensure that books and learning opportunities travel where infrastructure is insufficient.
Community Learning Centers (PKBM): Education Beyond Formal Schooling
Indonesia’s PKBM network provides non-formal education tailored to the needs of local communities. These centers support children, youth, and adults who may not have completed formal schooling or who seek additional training.
Programs offered by PKBM often include:
- Literacy and equivalency education (packages A, B, and C)
- Vocational training such as sewing, mechanics, or entrepreneurship
- Digital and financial literacy courses
- Parenting workshops and community empowerment programs
- Youth activities aimed at reducing dropout rates
Because PKBM are community-driven, they reflect local priorities. In coastal villages, programs might focus on fisheries or ecotourism skills. In urban neighborhoods, digital literacy and creative skills may be emphasized. This flexible design makes PKBM powerful tools for social inclusion and skills development.
A Real Example: The Floating Library of Makassar
One of Indonesia’s most striking examples of community-oriented library innovation is the floating library (Perahu Pustaka) in South Sulawesi. Founded by local literacy activist Ridwan “Django” Kamil — not to be confused with the former governor — the small wooden boat carries books to children living in coastal and island communities who have limited access to schools or public libraries.
Speaking about his motivation, Ridwan once noted: “If children cannot come to the books, then the books must come to the children.”
This simple yet powerful approach has inspired similar initiatives across Indonesia’s archipelago, proving that creativity can overcome geographic barriers.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite impressive progress, challenges persist. Many libraries and PKBM face limited funding, shortages of trained staff, and uneven digital infrastructure. Some rural areas still rely entirely on volunteers to keep reading activities alive.
Yet Indonesia’s strong national literacy movement, expanding digital initiatives, and growing community involvement present significant opportunities. With continued investment and innovation, libraries and community learning centers can play an even greater role in reducing inequalities and promoting lifelong learning.
Conclusion: Strengthening Indonesia Through Learning
Public libraries and community learning centers in Indonesia are more than educational facilities — they are catalysts for empowerment, connection, and progress. By bringing knowledge into both urban centers and remote islands, they help build a more inclusive and resilient society. As Indonesia continues to evolve, these learning spaces will remain vital pillars supporting the nation’s journey toward greater literacy, creativity, and opportunity for all.
