Among the many fascinating myths of the Philippines, the legend of the Bakunawa stands out as one of the most popular. This legendary sea serpent is feared, admired, and remembered as the creature that dares to swallow the moon.
Almost every Filipino has heard of it, as this tale has been passed down from generation to generation. The story became part of everyday life, echoing in rituals and community traditions whenever an eclipse appeared.
So, what is the story behind the Bakunawa, and how did people use it to explain eclipses and other natural events? This article will take a closer look at the myth and its lasting place in Philippine culture.
What Is the Bakunawa?
The Bakunawa is a mythical creature in Philippine folklore, often described as a giant sea serpent or dragon that lives in the ocean.
Generally, it is depicted as a snake with a large head, gills, a mouth as wide as a lake, and a striking red tongue and mustache.
According to legend, it rises from the depths to swallow the moon, which explains eclipses and other natural events. Feared for its size and power, the Bakunawa was believed to cause not only eclipses but also earthquakes, heavy rains, and tidal waves.
While it is not a real creature, the Bakunawa reflects how ancient Filipinos used folklore to understand the mysteries of nature and pass stories down through generations.
The Mythology of the Bakunawa
In ancient times, Filipinos believed that the supreme god, Bathala, created seven moons to light up the night sky. These moons shone brightly every night, bringing beauty and wonder to the heavens.
But the glowing light attracted Bakunawa. Having dwelled in darkness for so long, the Bakunawa was captivated by the moons’ beauty and longed to possess them all.
One night, unable to resist its desire, the great Bakunawa rose from the sea and opened its enormous mouth wide enough to swallow a whole moon. As it devoured the first moon, a violent earthquake shook the ancient Philippines.
Yet, once inside the dragon’s belly, the moon melted away. Dissatisfied, the Bakunawa swallowed another, and another, until only one moon remained in the sky.
Terrified that they might lose their last moon, the people of the Philippines prayed to Bathala for help. Bathala told them to make loud noises, for the Bakunawa hated the sound of clanging and chaos. Following his command, the people rushed out of their homes, banging pots and pans, filling the night with uproar.
Hearing the commotion, the Bakunawa retreated, sparing the final moon. And so, the legend says, this is why eclipses occur, and why the moon still remains to shine in the night sky.
Another Story of the Bakunawa
There is also another version of the Bakunawa legend. In this tale, the great dragon is said to have fallen in love with a human woman from a local tribe.
When the tribe’s leader discovered their relationship, he strongly opposed it. The woman was forbidden from being with the Bakunawa, and the dragon was threatened with being burned by fire if it did not leave.
Heartbroken and enraged, the Bakunawa sought revenge. It rose from the sea and began devouring the seven moons one by one. Just as it was about to swallow the last moon, Bathala appeared and banished the dragon from the ocean.
In this version of the story, an eclipse is seen as the Bakunawa’s attempt to return to its home in the sea.
How the Bakunawa Lives On Modern Culture
Ancient Filipinos often described natural phenomena through myths and legends, and the tale of the Bakunawa is one of the most enduring. It teaches respect for the power of nature, which is far greater than human strength, while also showing that fear can be faced with courage and unity.
Even today, some communities still preserve the tradition of banging pots and pans during a lunar eclipse, believing it can drive the Bakunawa away from swallowing the moon.
Although the story comes from ancient times, its meaning still resonates today. Just like people once explained eclipses through myth, modern society also seeks ways to understand and cope with uncertainty in life. The Bakunawa reminds us that behind fear, there is always a way to respond with courage and unity.
In Filipino culture, the Bakunawa is more than just a mythical serpent. It has become a symbol in art, literature, and even modern entertainment such as games, books, and festivals, inspiring creativity while keeping cultural traditions alive.
This makes the legend not just a tale of the past, but a symbol that continues to shape imagination and cultural identity today.
