In the heart of Gresik, East Java, there is a legendary building that has survived for nearly nine centuries. Kelenteng Kim Hin Kiong is widely known as the oldest temple in Indonesia, standing as a silent witness to the long history of Chinese culture in the archipelago. This sacred site is located in the Pulo Pancikan area, where the Chinatown and Arab quarters blend together in a peaceful neighborhood.
The Rich History of the Temple
The history of Kelenteng Kim Hin Kiong began during a time when Gresik was a famous international port. In the 12th century, traders from China, Arabia, and India arrived here to exchange goods.
The Chinese traders who settled in this port city built the temple near the harbor. They named it Kim Hin Kiong, which means "Palace of Golden Prosperity," reflecting their prayers for a successful life.
Historical records and an inscription carved into a wooden beam above the Thian Kong altar confirm that the temple was established on August 1, 1153. This means the temple is now over 870 years old.
The primary reason for building it near the water was to worship Dewi Mak Co, also known as Mazu, the Goddess of the Sea. Sailors and fishermen believed that praying to her would protect them from dangerous storms and ensure safe travels across the ocean.
Beautiful Cultural Harmony Between Chinese-Javanese
The architecture of Kelenteng Kim Hin Kiong is a beautiful display of traditional Chinese art, dominated by vibrant red and gold colors. At the main entrance, visitors are welcomed by a pair of Qilin statues (mythical lions); one holds a ball while the other holds a baby, symbolizing protection and prosperity. Inside, there is a large golden incense burner, called a Hiolo, decorated with intricate dragon patterns.
What makes this temple truly special is how it blends with local Javanese culture. The wooden walls at the altar feature carvings that look very similar to Javanese Gebyog patterns. These carvings include motifs of dragons, birds, trees, and flowers, placed in the most sacred parts of the temple.
As a Tridharma place of worship, the temple is shared by followers of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. It has different altars for various deities, such as the Altar of the Three Prophets and specific altars for Dewa Kwan Kong and Dewi Kwan Im.
Keeping Traditions Alive
Even after hundreds of years, Kelenteng Kim Hin Kiong is still a busy center for the community. One of its most famous traditions is Ciam Si, a ritual where people use bamboo sticks to receive medical recipes or predictions about their future. Although it is an ancient practice, many people still visit the altar of Ma Co Thian Siang Seng Boo to seek guidance.
Every year, the temple hosts major celebrations like the Lunar New Year and Cap Go Meh. These festivals feature exciting cultural shows, including Barongsai (Lion dances) and Wayang Potehi (traditional glove puppetry).
To protect this historical treasure, the local government officially named it a Building of Cultural Heritage a.k.a Bangunan Cagar Budaya in 2020. Today, the temple remains a powerful symbol of religious tolerance and a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Indonesia’s ancient history.
